The Mth Coherent State

In this article, we propose a new kind of quantum states based on acting the number operator M times \( {\hat{n}}^M \) on the coherent state. We term this state the Mth coherent state, based on the value of the power M. We find that it is strongly similar to the coherent state as the analysis of the photonic statistical distributions and the overlap with the coherent state illustrate. Also, we find that it asymptotically reaches the minimum uncertainty and has a localized behavior in the Husimi function. However, in contrast to coherent state, the Mth coherent state has strong nonclassical features such as antibunching and squeezing for a relatively long range. Other parameters and measurements are discussed and studied. Finally, we highlight the similarity between the higher orders of the near coherent states and the Mth coherent states in order to potentially generate our proposed state.

     

Multifunctional iron thiocarboxylate complexes: synthesis,reactivity and structure of CpFe(CO)<Subscript>2</Subscript>SCO-3,5-C<Subscript>6</Subscript>H<Subscript>4</Subscript>(COCl)<Subscript>2</Subscript>

A controlled substitution reaction of the chlorine atoms of 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride by the organoiron fragment (CpFe(CO)₂S) has been achieved. The complexes CpFe(CO)₂SCO-3,5-C₆H₃(COCl)₂ (1), 1,3-[CpFe(CO)₂SCO]₂-5-C₆H₃COCl (2) and 1,3,5-[CpFe(CO)₂SCO]₃C₆H₃ (3) were prepared from the reaction of (μ-S _x )[CpFe(CO)₂]₂ (x = 3, 4) with 1,3,5-C₆H₃(COCl)₃ in a 1:1, 2:1, or 3:1 metal to ligand molar ratio. The reactions of (1) with amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids produce the trifunctional mono-iron complexes CpFe(CO)₂SCO-3,5-C₆H₃(COY)₂ [Y = NR₂ (4), SR (5), OCOR (4)]. The X-ray structure determination of (1) is reported.     

Stochastic modeling and identification of an uncertain computational dynamical model with random fields properties and model uncertainties

This paper is devoted to the construction and to the identification of a probabilistic model of random fields in the presence of modeling errors, in high stochastic dimension and presented in the context of computational structural dynamics. Due to the high stochastic dimension of the random quantities which have to be identified using statistical inverse methods (challenging problem), a complete methodology is proposed and validated. The parametric–nonparametric (generalized) probabilistic approach of uncertainties is used to perform the prior stochastic models: (1) system-parameters uncertainties induced by the variabilities of the material properties are described by random fields for which their statistical reductions are still in high stochastic dimension and (2) model uncertainties induced by the modeling errors are taken into account with the nonparametric probabilistic approach in high stochastic dimension. For these two sources of uncertainties, the methodology consists in introducing prior stochastic models described with a small number of parameters which are simultaneously identified using the maximum likelihood method and experimental responses. The steps of the methodology are explained and illustrated through an application.     

Routes toward enantiopure 2-substituted indolines: an overview

Chiral-2-substituted indolines are an important class of compounds with numerous applications in organic synthesis and as constituents of a number of biologically active molecules. Consequently, there has been a continued interest in the development of efficient methods for the syntheses of this class of chiral compounds. In this review, a detailed survey of the important efforts toward the synthesis of enantioenriched 2-substituted indolines by means of the kinetic resolution or the use of a chiral auxiliary in stoichiometric or catalytic processes is provided. The resolution of racemic mixtures through diastereomeric separation is not considered in the article.     

In situ formation of C-glycosides during electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of a series of synthetic amphiphilic cholesteryl polyethoxy neoglycolipids containing <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acetyl-D-glucosamine

In this communication, the structural analysis of six synthetic O-Linked amphiphilic cholesteryl polyethoxy neoglycolipids containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode, with a QqTOF-MS/MS hybrid instrument. The MS/MS analyses provided evidence for the "in situ" formation, in the collision cell of the tandem mass spectrometer, of an unexpected and unique [C-glycoside]+ product ion, resulting from an ion-molecule reaction between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oxonium ion and the neutral cholesta-3,5-diene molecule. Quasi MS3 analysis of this ion resulted in the dissociation of the precursor [C-glycoside]+ ion, which produced the expected third generation N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oxonium and the protonated cholesta-3,5-diene product ions.     

Substituted iron selenocarboxylate complexes CpFe(CO)(EPh3)SeCOR (E = P,As, Sb)

Photolytic substitutions of iron selenocarboxylate complexes CpFe(CO)₂SeCOR with triphenylphosphine, triphenylarsine or triphenylantimony (EPh₃) gave exclusively the monosubstituted complexes CpFe(CO)(EPh₃)SeCOR [R = 3,5-C₆H₃(NO₂)₂ (1), 4-C₆H₄NO₂ (2), Ph (3), 2-C₆H₄Me (4), and E = P (a), As (b), Sb (c)] in high yields.     

The role of medium radiation dose on microbiological safety and shelf-life of some traditional soups

Irradiation at medium doses in combination with cryogenic condition along the process to ensure the safety, quality and to extend the shelf-life of prepared meals have been investigated. Semi-concentrated black, ox-tail, chicken vegetable and chicken sweet corn soups were individually packed in a dry laminate pouch of PET 12 μ/LDPE adh.2 μ/Al–foil 7 μ/LDPE adh/LLDPE (C₄) 50 μ under vacuum followed by freezing for 24 h at −18 °C prior to irradiation with doses of 1, 3, 5 and 7 kGy at cryogenic condition (−79 °C), respectively. Both the non-irradiated and irradiated prepared meals were then stored in refrigerator at 5±2 °C. Non-irradiated and the irradiated samples at 1 kGy were mostly damaged after a week of storage. Gamma irradiation at doses of 5–7 kGy for the soups could reduce microbial load by about 2–3 log cycles, respectively, without affecting the physical–chemical parameters and palatability within 2–3 months while the unirradiated samples could only withstand for 1 month storage time.     

Two-photon absorption from single InGaN/GaN quantum dots

We present a study of the time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence properties of single-InGaN/GaN quantum dots (QDs) using two-photon spectroscopy. Two samples containing QDs produced by different growth techniques are examined. We find that two-photon excitation results in the suppression of the emission from the underlying quantum well to which the QDs are coupled and yet relatively strong QD emission is observed. This effect is explained in terms of the enhancement of two-photon absorption in QDs due to the full confinement of carriers. Furthermore, evidence of the presence of excited states is revealed from the two-photon photoluminescence excitation spectra presented in the study.     

Analytical solutions and validation of electric field and dielectrophoretic force in a bio-microfluidic channel

In a microbiological device, cell or particle manipulation and characterization require the use of electric field on different electrodes in several configurations and shapes. To efficiently design microelectrodes within a microfluidic channel for dielectrophoresis focusing, manipulation and characterization of cells, the designer will seek the exact distribution of the electric potential, electric field and hence dielectrophoresis force exerted on the cell within the microdevice. In this paper we describe the approach attaining the analytical solution of the dielectrophoretic force expression within a microchannel with parallel facing same size electrodes present on the two faces of channel substrates, with opposite voltages on the pair electrodes. Simple Fourier series mathematical expressions are derived for electric potential, electric field and dielectric force between two distant finite‐size electrodes. Excellent agreement is found by comparing the analytical results calculated using MATLAB? with numerical ones obtained by Comsol. This analytical result can help the designer to perform simple design parametric analysis. Bio‐microdevices are also designed and fabricated to illustrate the theoretical solution results with the experimental data. Experiments with red blood cells show the dielectrophoretic force contour plots of the analytical data matched to the experimental results.